Here it is common to have a probation period between one to three months, which can be terminated by both parties on short notice. And you can also define a lower salary during this period.
Hence the workaround with being a contractor first is probably not necessary with a local employer, but with a foreign employer it's probably the only solution.
Ah not really. You can learn swift on linux for sure, but none of the UI stuff. I started on a cheap Hackintosh but that might not be an option anymore.
The depression is currently not a problem. It's main reason, the skin problem, is fortunately gone.