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> Unless those are actually padded to 32 bits in the VM or something.

They are.


To be fair, they're padded in a lot of machine code contexts as well, even if you don't explicitly write `int_fast16_t`.

And since Java doesn't expose pointer guts, struct padding is purely a runtime optimization concern, not a language concern.


Don't you mean `int_least16_t`?


No, the `least` typedefs are irrelevant aliases for the exact type these days (except supposedly some 32-bit-only DSPs exist though. But 9-bit computing has been obsolete for longer than most of us have been alive, despite talking about it).

The `fast` typedefs are effectively programmer-opted-in to promotion to register size or something. But compiler optimizations often do the same thing on a per-operation level (signed overflow is UB, unsigned overflow masking can be deferred for addition/subtraction/multiplication and bitwise ops (though some can change the mask)).


They're extended when they're locals or temporaries, but they behave like real 8- and 16- bit values in fields and array elements.


In interpreted mode. They can be optimized by the JIT compiler differently though.


> They conspired with a rogue hashtag

ChatGPT thinks # is called "hashtag"? :(


I don't like it either but its not a bad name. Octothorpe is dumb because there is nothing on it that ocures 8 times. We could call it 'pound', making it like the 8th common thing we call pound, or we can say "the number symbol" which is also dumb. Language filled a gap, hopefully it evolves into something more generic like 'hash sign' or 'hash mark'


If they could get away with paying 10-20% less, don't you think they'd do it now in a heartbeat?


Why would any insurance company insure against an inevitability?


Whole life, and health insurance in general, have no problem with that.

Property insurance is definitely different. I get that.


Whole life is a scam (just get term life and drop the rest in an index fund and skip the middleman), and health insurance is heavily subsidized.

Health insurance also stops at age 65 and becomes a taxpayer funded program (Medicare).


Stops??? Who told you that? I know plenty of elderly people who supplement Medicare with private insurance. There's no reason to stop that. Medicare is a social safety net.


It is still not “pure” health insurance. The taxpayers pick up much of the cost, emergency and hospital healthcare, part A of Medicare.

Not comparable to property and casualty or term life insurance, where an unlikely event is insured. I would say those are closer to insurance rather than cost sharing / taxpayer subsidy agreement like health insurance is. And whole life is an investment / tax savings product.


The legal limit for the security deposit is five weeks (or six weeks when the annual rent exceeds £50k).

source: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/security-deposit-cap-redu...


The deposit is max 5 week, but the tenant is still liable for any damage beyond the deposit. Of course the landlord need to take the tenant to court and there is no guarantee they'll ever be able to recover the money.


No. And that's basically the point of the concerns everyone has.


There was also the Icelandic bank collapse, which was multiple banks totalling tens of billions of euros. I personally lost a large chunk of savings in that, and was eventually bailed out by my own government (i.e. my own tax money).


For me it was the flashing terminal cursor.


If we're talking TCO we need to calculate the TCO of coal and gas as including the cost of the destruction of the entire planet's climate.


Yes, we do. And, a proper TCO for all forms of energy would result in us only building solar, wind and pumped storage, however.


The real word here is "monopolisation".


A monopoly would require they control the entire market for a given product or service. Apple isn't a monopoly in any area - but they are a strong competitor in many areas. They're more like a western take on a chaebol [1] in my opinion.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaebol


> Apple isn't a monopoly in any area - but they are a strong competitor in many areas.

New term: "Vertical Monopoly"


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