Yeah, it's how you pay dividends at capital gains rate instead of income rate. But also, Apple is kind of stagnant.. if they had something better to do with the money they wouldn't be doing the buybacks.
Not only that, the operating itself was configured by a process known as "sysgen". You relink the entire operating system with options set the way you wanted. It was generally a miserable slow process.
At least on PDP-11 that's how it went for something like RSX-11. I believe same is true for early IBM mainframe operating systems like DOS 360- I think all programs had to be relinked because one option you had was to move things around in memory, and ancillary programs had to know the memory map.
Even later: I wrote a device driver for Xenix: you got a link kit for the OS, you relinked it with your custom driver object file included.
On CP/M you patched the running image (perhaps with DDT), then use the CP/M SYSGEN command to install it on a disk.
CP/M 1.0 was demoed to Intel in 1974, but they didn't buy it.
iCOM FDOS was the first operating system that was available to people, and it sure didn't have environment variables.
Anyway, these operating systems didn't have multiple directories. But you could use CP/M 2.x's ASSIGN command to bind a logical name to a physical name. Minicomputer operating systems had this, also IBM mainframe had JCL DD commands.
Includes GCD and LCM, some of the newer ones don't have them.
If you want graphing, there is the newish fx-CG100 has a nice display, but they removed Casio basic, it now only has micro Python (way too awkward to type on a tiny keypad):
I agree with you on the Casio fx-115ES Plus 2nd Edition. I picked one up two years ago for $11.41. It naturally writes out equations, has a backspace and is generally excellent. I still love my HP RPN calculators, but the fx-115ES works nicely for anyone who isn't using RPN or sympy.
A somewhat little know part is a "pre-biased transistor": this is a bipolar transistors with built-in resistors, and will often work as a drop-in replacement for a logic-level MOSFET (like 2n7000), but is an order of magnitude cheaper.
Interesting (but understandable pre-silicon) to see a couple of errors about the 6502 in that e.g. SBC needs SEC before it not CLC. The code examples could be improved too e.g. the 6502 memory copy has no need to use both index registers and increment them in lockstep with the same values. And better still, since you're copying fewer than 256 bytes, initialize one index register to COUNT-1 and copy from last to first.
On the other hand the 6800 code is buggy too. It's incrementing only one byte of the FROM and TO pointers — and the MSB at that on a bigendian machine — with no provision for crossing a page boundary, when the normal thing is to
LDX FROM
LDA 0,X
INX
STX FROM
LDX TO
STA 0,X
INX
STX TO
Still, as they say, much messier than 6502's...
LDA FROM,X
STA TO,X
INX
... even if the 6502 needs an outer loop to copy more than 256 bytes, at least the inner loop is fast.
Also no mention is made of `(ZP),Y` addressing mode which takes 6502 to another level entirely.
Also: SpaceX debt is $20 billion.
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