This is not tilling as the edges does not match the opposite side.

Another power center with strong military relatively uninvolved in Ukraine and with growing interest in taking controll is Chechnya.

Could you explain how db indexes are costs having no reason at all?

I assume tluyben2 means that if the db's index is bad the query has to do a much more expensive scan of the database. By adding correct indices this can be fixed.

That is indeed what I meant; with very little effort and not having much knowledge about database internals, you can save a ton of money. It won’t be perfect that way, but goes a long way vs no indices at all. So that’s why ‘no reason’. Aka very low hanging fruit.

Sorry for not being clear and thanks for explaining.

No to mention adding an index is practically without risk, the outcome of queries is the same except probably faster.

Not true.

An index isn't free so you can impact the write performance, depending on the workload and usecases slower writes could have more of an impact than faster reads.

But even in a read heavy application it's possible that your databases query planner is "tricked" into using a specific index which can actually be slower than another (or even none) so you should always measure the impact that adding an index can have on your application.

Yes it could be slower, but it’s very unlikely to actually break the application.

Not true, as always it depends.

Tell me you haven't used spanner without telling me...